Tag Archives: Columbia University

Jew of the Week: Hyman G. Rickover

Father of the Nuclear Navy

Chaim Gedaliah Rickover (1900-1986) was born in Poland. When he was six years old his family fled to the United States to escape the Russian pogroms that had killed over 3000 Jews in Eastern Europe. The family settled in Chicago, where Rickover started working at just nine years of age for three cents an hour. He excelled academically, and after graduating from high school with honours, was nominated by a Jewish congressman to the US Naval Academy. Rickover distinguished himself while serving on a destroyer ship and was among the youngest people to ever be promoted to an officer. He went back to school and earned a Master’s in electrical engineering before doing further studies at Columbia. At 29, he decided to serve on a submarine, and was soon in command of one. His translation of the German Das Unterseeboot became the textbook of the US Submarine Service. Throughout World War II, Rickover repaired electrical systems on US Navy ships, for which he earned the Legion of Merit. Following the war, he applied to join the Manhattan Project’s new program to develop nuclear power plants. He was soon the deputy manager of the division developing nuclear-powered navy ships. Rickover saw that the greatest potential was for nuclear submarines, and ultimately succeeded in persuading the Secretary of the Navy to endorse building one. Rickover led its development, and played a central role in designing a nuclear reactor fit for submarines. His vision came to life in 1954 with the launch of the famous USS Nautilus. It put him on the cover of TIME Magazine that year. By 1958, Rickover was vice admiral of the Navy, and awarded a Congressional Gold Medal. His program would go on to produce over 200 nuclear-powered submarines, and 23 aircraft carriers and cruisers. Incredibly, none of these has ever had a meltdown – a feat credited to Rickover’s insistence on safety and obsessive attention to detail. (The Soviet Navy suffered at least 14 meltdowns in the same time period!) Rickover became known as the “Father of the Nuclear Navy”. He was the longest serving officer in US naval history, with 63 years of service under 13 presidents. A four-star admiral, his 61 civilian awards included a Presidential Medal of Freedom and two Congressional Gold Medals (an extremely rare feat). He was also awarded 15 honourary degrees, and made an honourary Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Rickover stated that he was not proud of his work, and saw it as a “necessary evil” to protect his country. He once said he wished “nuclear power had never been discovered” and hoped that the nuclear fleet would be dismantled.

Words of the Week

Cherish criticism, for it will place you on the true heights.
– Rabbi Sholom Dov Ber of Lubavitch

Jew of the Week: Franz Boas

Father of American Anthropology

Franz Boas

Franz Boas (1858-1942) was born in Germany, the son of Jews who had left their Orthodox upbringing and raised their children in a very liberal environment. Boas studied physics, geography, and mathematics at a number of prestigious German universities. Although his first Ph.D was in physics, Boas was more fond of geography. In 1883, he went on an expedition to Baffin Island to live among the Inuits. He soon realized that the prevailing European notion of aboriginals as uncivilized “savages” was wrong, and concluded that “we ‘highly educated people’ are much worse, relatively speaking”. From there, Boas continued his studies of non-European cultures, working from Berlin’s Royal Ethnological Museum. He came to the conclusion (unpopular at the time) that all human beings and all cultures were equal. Ironically, he was a victim of rising anti-Semitism, and was constantly prodded to convert to Christianity in order to be accepted in German society. Boas moved to the United States and became the assistant editor of the journal Science. Two years later, he was appointed head of Clark University’s new department of anthropology, and in 1896, began lecturing at Columbia University as well. He soon developed a Ph.D program in anthropology – the first in America – and cofounded the American Anthropological Association. His students would go on to found more Ph.D programs in universities across America. Not surprisingly, Boas is often referred to as the “father of American anthropology”. Over the years, Boas played a central role in developing the science of anthropology. His 1911 The Mind of Primitive Man was the major textbook on the subject for years, and his writings heavily influenced just about every branch of anthropology. Meanwhile, Boas was a vocal opponent of racism, eugenics, cultural evolution, and social Darwinism, and it has been said that he “did more to combat race prejudice than any other person in history.” During the Nazi era, Boas worked tirelessly to help German and Jewish scientists escape Europe, and assisted many of them in finding positions in America. He was also editor of The Journal of American Folklore, founded the International Journal of American Linguistics, served as president of the New York Academy of Sciences, as well as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. By the time of his death he was among the most well-known, influential, and respected scientists in the world.

Words of the Week

The righteous do not complain about wickedness, but increase righteousness. They do not complain about heresy, but increase faith.
– Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook

Jew of the Week: Robert Kraft

Robert Kraft

Robert K. Kraft (b. 1941) was born in Brookline, Massachusetts to an observant Jewish family. His father was a teacher and prayer leader at the local Congregation Kehillath Israel and his mother was a dressmaker. Despite coming from modest means, scholarships allowed him to study and graduate from both Harvard and Columbia University (where he was a member of the Jewish fraternity Zeta Beta Tau, and the school’s football team). In 1967, Kraft entered the world of business when he bought his father-in-law’s packaging company. Five years later, he started his own paper commodity business. Kraft built the two companies into a paper empire, the largest in the US, and one of the country’s top 100 exporters. In 1986, Kraft got into media, investing in TV and radio stations, film, theatre, and entertainment. Around this time, he bought the stadium of the New England Patriots football team, which was going into bankruptcy. By the mid-90’s, the team continued its terrible streak, having never won a Superbowl, and was about to be sold and moved to St. Louis. Kraft stepped in to save his beloved team, paying a record $175 million to purchase it, despite its horrible standing and poor value. Kraft immediately turned the fortunes of the sports franchise around. The following year, the Patriots sold out tickets to every home game for the first time in their history, and have sold out every year since then. They made the playoffs for the first time in nearly a decade, and have since won four Superbowls, including one last weekend. Kraft also plays a central role in the NFL at large, and was credited with saving the 2011 season and bringing about a 10-year contract to keep the league running. Meanwhile, he also owns the New England Revolution MLS soccer team. Kraft is a noted philanthropist, having donated over $100 million to various causes including universities, schools, and research centers, victims of terrorism, as well as Israeli causes. Among the latter is helping Israel’s struggling Ethiopian Jewish community, and spreading the game of football in the Holy Land, sponsoring the Israel Football League, and building the Kraft Family Stadium in Jerusalem. For his efforts, Kraft has won a number of prestigious awards and honorary degrees. With a net worth estimated at $4 billion, he continues to rank among the richest Americans.

Words of the Week

God’s words to Adam (Genesis 3:9), “Where are you?” is a perpetual call to every person, at all times. God calls out to each and every one of us every moment of the day: “Where are you in the world? You have been allotted a certain number of days, hours, and minutes in which to fulfill your mission in life. You have lived so many years and so many days – Where are you? What have you accomplished?”
– Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi